Welcome to the CORMIX benchmarking site.
This site contains a collection of data from turbulent buoyant jet mixing experiments which constitute a database for "benchmarking" model performance- comparing simulation model predictions with observations.
Statistical and graphical tools are presented for interactively comparing data with CORMIX simulation model results.
The benchmark database is currently restricted to single port discharges. However, it could be extended to multiport diffusers, surface discharges, etc. The benchmarks presented here are for CorJet,
the buoyant jet integral model used for near-field mixing prediction within CORMIX.
As defined in "Integral Model of Turbulent Buoyant Jets in Unbounded Stratified Flows. Part I: Single Round Jet" by G.H. Jirka, Environmental Fluid Mechanics Vol. 4, pp. 1-56, 2004,
a benchmarking analysis includes 3 stages for buoyant jet integral model validation:
The benchmarks include five asymptotic self-similar states of buoyant jet flows:
This site presents information about turbulent buoyant jet mixing and CORMIX model performance vis-à-vis available laboratory
and field data on mixing processes. "Benchmarks" represent a set of performance standards for evaluation.
Note: Please make sure pop-ups are enabled, to view the benchmark cases below.
| # | Title | Graph Type | View | Reference |
| 1. | Concentration Intermittency | Radial Distance (r/Lambda*b) vs. Intermittency (Gamma) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.3a - Concentration Intermittency |
| 2. | Maximum/Minimum Concentration Values | Radial Distance (r/Lambda*b) vs. Max./Min. Concentration (cmax/cc)/(cmin/cc) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.3b - Maximum/Minimum Concentration Values |
| 3. | Pure Jet | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Decay in Centerline Velocity (Uc/U0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.4 - Pure Jet |
| 4. | Pure Jet | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Bulk Dilution | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.5 - Pure Jet |
| 5. | Vertical Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient | Height Z (Z/LM) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc (Sc/F0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.6 - Vertical Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient |
| 6. | Vertical Buoyant Jet Transition in Stagnant Ambient | Height Z (Z/LM) vs. Inverse Centerline Velocity (Mo^(1/2)/(Uc*Z)) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.7 - Vertical Buoyant Jet Transition in Stagnant Ambient |
| 7. | Jet/Wake Transition in Ambient Co-flow | Downstream X (X/Lme) vs. Decay in Centerline Velocity (Uc/Ua) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.8a - Jet/Wake Transition in Ambient Co-flow |
| 8. | Jet/Wake Transition in Ambient Co-flow | Downstream X (X/Lme) vs. Increase in Jet Width (b/Lme) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.8b - Jet/Wake Transition in Ambient Co-flow |
| 9. | Advected Line Puff | Downstream X (X/Lmt) vs. Height Z (Z/Lmt) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.9a - Advected Line Puff |
| 10. | Advected Line Puff | Height Z (Z/Lmt) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc (Sc*Q0/(Ua*Lmt^2)) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.9b - Advected Line Puff |
| 11. | Advected Line Thermal | Downstream X (X/Lb) vs. Height Z (Z/Lb) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.10a - Advected Line Thermal |
| 12. | Advected Line Thermal | Height Z (Z/Lb) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc (Sc*Q0/(Ua*Lb^2)) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.10b - Advected Line Thermal |
| 13. | Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient | Downstream X (X/LM) vs. Height Z (Z/LM) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.11 - Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient |
| 14. | Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient | Height Z (Z/LM) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc (Sc/F0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.12 - Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient |
| 15. | Buoyant Jet Entrainment | Local Buoyancy (Fl^2/sin theta) vs. Alpha (alpha) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.13 - Buoyant Jet Entrainment |
| 16. | Vertical Negatively Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient | Froude Number F0 vs. Max Rise Height Zm (Zm/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.14 - Vertical Negatively Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient |
| 17. | Inclined Negatively Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.15 - Inclined Negatively Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Ambient |
| 18. | Horizontal Momentum Sources in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment | Downstream X (X/Lm') vs. Centerline Dilution (ScLQ/Lm') | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.16 - Horizontal Momentum Sources in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment |
| 19. | Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.17 - Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment |
| 20. | Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.18a - Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment |
| 21. | Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.18b - Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment |
| 22. | Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.19a - Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment |
| 23. | Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Dilution S (C0/c) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.19b - Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Linearly Stratified Environment |
| 24. | Non-Buoyant Jets in Transverse Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig. 20 - Non-Buoyant Jets in Transverse Crossflow |
| 25. | Non-Buoyant Jets in Transverse Crossflow | Downstream X (X/Lm) vs. Height Z (Z/Lm) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig. 21 - Non-Buoyant Jets in Transverse Crossflow |
| 26. | Non-Buoyant Jets in Transverse Crossflow | Height Z (Z/Lm) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc (ScLQ/Lm) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig. 22 - Non-Buoyant Jets in Transverse Crossflow |
| 27. | Non-Buoyant Jets Discharging at Oblique Angles into or against Ambient Flow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig. 23 - Non-Buoyant Jets Discharging at Oblique Angles into or against Ambient Flow |
| 28. | Opposing Non-Buoyant Jets against Ambient Flow | Upstream X (X/D0) vs. Absolute Centerline Velocity Decay ((Uc-Ua)/U0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig. 24a - Opposing Non-Buoyant Jets against Ambient Flow |
| 29. | Opposing Non-Buoyant Jets against Ambient Flow | Upstream X (X/D0) vs. Growth in Visual Jet Width (b*2^(1/2)/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig. 24b - Opposing Non-Buoyant Jets against Ambient Flow |
| 30. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.25a - Vertical Buoyant Jet into Crossflow |
| 31. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Buoyant Jet Path (s/D0) vs. Half-Velocity Width (b(1/2)/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.25b - Vertical Buoyant Jet into Crossflow |
| 32. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.26 - Vertical Buoyant Jets into Crossflow |
| 33. | Vertical Buoyant Jets into Crossflow | Downstream X (X/Lb) vs. Height Z (Z/Lb) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.27 - Vertical Buoyant Jets into Crossflow |
| 34. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Height Z (Z/Lb) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc (Sc*LQ*Lm/Lb) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.28 - Vertical Buoyant Jets into Crossflow |
| 35. | Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Co-flow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.29a - Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Co-flow |
| 36. | Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Co-flow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Dilution S (C0/c) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.29b - Horizontal Buoyant Jet in Co-flow |
| 37. | Negatively Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.30a - Negatively Buoyant Jet into Crossflow |
| 38. | Negatively Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Buoyant Jet Path (s/D0) vs. Half-Velocity Width (b(1/2)/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.30bi - Negatively Buoyant Jet into Crossflow |
| 39. | Negatively Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Buoyant Jet Path (s/D0) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.30bii - Negatively Buoyant Jet into Crossflow |
| 40. | Negatively Buoyant Jet into Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.31 - Negatively Buoyant Jets into Crossflow |
| 41. | Buoyant Jet Discharging Horizontally Transverse into Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Lateral Y (Y/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.32a - Buoyant Jet Discharging Horizontally Transverse into Crossflow |
| 42. | Buoyant Jet Discharging Horizontally Transverse into Crossflow | Buoyant Jet Path (s/D0) vs. Centerline Dilution Sc | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.32bi - Buoyant Jet Discharging Horizontally Transverse into Crossflow |
| 43. | Buoyant Jet Discharging Horizontally Transverse into Crossflow | Buoyant Jet Path (s/D0) vs. Half-Velocity Width (b(1/2)/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.32bii - Buoyant Jet Discharging Horizontally Transverse into Crossflow |
| 44. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.33a - Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow |
| 45. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Centerline Density Anomaly ((Pa-Pc)/Pa) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.33b - Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow |
| 46. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Height Z (Z/D0) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.34a - Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow |
| 47. | Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow | Downstream X (X/D0) vs. Centerline Density Anomaly ((Pa-Pc)/Pa) | View | Jirka (2004) EFM 4:1-56 Fig.34b - Vertical Buoyant Jet into Stratified Crossflow |